why jacques cartier sailed
When French navigator Jacques Cartier left France by boat in April 1534, the king ordered him to find gold, spices (which were valuable at that time), and a water passage from France to Asia. Two months later, on June 9, Cartier sailed into the waters of the St. Lawrence River in eastern Canada. Although he couldn't travel up the river all the way to Asia, Cartier had in fact discovered an important waterway into the vast areas of Canada.Sailing with sixty-one men aboard his ship, Cartier ventured north up the St. Lawrence River to Prince Edward Island, where he made his first contact with members of the native Iroquois Nation. The first interactions were friendly. The tribe's chief, Donnacona, let two of his sons, Taignoagny and Domagaya, return to France with Cartier on the condition that they would return home.
Two years later, Cartier returned from France, bringing Taignoagny and Domagaya with him. North of Montreal, his ship arrived at the Lachine Rapids, which were so big that he and his crew could not pass through. Cartier realized he could sail no further.
Jacques Cartier's landing
Jacques Cartier's Landing was ont the Gaspé Peninsula and formally claimed the area for France.
Jacques Cartier's voyages
First voyage 1543
In 1534, Jacques Cartier set sail under a commission from King Francis I of France, he was sailed hoping to discover a western passage to the wealthy markets of Asia. In the words of the king's commission, he was to "discover certain islands and lands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found". Starting on May 10 of that year, he explored parts of Newfoundland, the areas now known as the Canadian Atlantic provinces and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. On one stop at Iles-aux-Oiseaux, Cartier noted in his journal that his crew slaughtered around 1000 birds, most of them great auks (now extinct).* Cartier's first encounter with aboriginal people, the Mi'kmaq (Mic-mac), was brief and some trading occurred.
Second voyage 1536-1536
May 19, 1535, Jacques Cartier’s Journey set out from St. Malo, France, to discover the riches rumored to exist in the three western “kingdoms” of Saguenay, Canada, and Hochelaga. people joined by many gentleman and seekers arrived in Newfoundland during the storm on July 7, 1535. While mapping the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the lower river valley made notes on geography, natural history, and ethnography. also their notes was earlier documentation of animal and plant life found in the St. Lawrence River Valley. Their exploring spent the fall and winter at a compound built at modern Quebec. The account describes the native people’s large culture of corn (maize), melons, gourds, peas, tobacco, and beans harvested in the fall. During the winter, twenty-five local Indians died from a disease outbreak and The Indians showed the French a treatment for disease that participated making tea from the tree and leaves of sassafras tree. When spring arrived, the French met with one of the local chiefs who told them of lands. And also inland along lakes where jewels and gold were available and the habitat wove cloth. The French traded metal pans and ax. and sail for France, May 16, 1536, returning to St. Malo, July 6, 1536.
Third voyage 1541-1542
Upon arriving in France, the Amerindians whom Cartier had taken with him were so convincing that in 1541, François I sponsored a vast colonizing expedition, and named Jean-François de la Rocque, Sieur de Roberval, as commander. Cartier arrived at the appointed destination one year before Roberval, and established a settlement at the foot of the cliffs at Cap-Rouge, where he also erected fortifications.
After making a second journey to Hochelaga, Cartier learned that the route beyond the Lachine rapids was long and difficult. This bit of bad news, coupled with his discovery of what he believed to be gold and diamonds in the rocks of Cap-Rouge, explain his hurry to return to France. En route, he encountered Roberval in Newfoundland. The commander ordered him to turn back. Cartier, who was anxious to convert his cargo into cash as quickly as possible, nevertheless disobeyed. Roberval, who was now deprived of Cartier's assistance, spent a horrendous winter at the site of this navigator's settlement, and had to repatriate the tiny colony to France the following spring. Cartier's third voyage, which had been intended for exploration and colonization, proved a failure, as did Sieur de Roberval's attempt at establishing a settlement, moreover. The gold and diamonds that Cartier believed he had discovered were actually nothing more than iron pyrite and quartz!
It was only in the early 16th century, following the dispersion of the st. lawerence Iroquoians that Québec became the centre of the first French colony in America
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